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Dave Richeson

@divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
mastodon 4.7.2
  • Open on mathstodon.xyz

Mathematician. John J. & Ann Curley Chair in Liberal Arts at Dickinson College. Author of Tales of Impossibility (Princeton University Press, 2019) and Euler's Gem (Princeton University Press, 2008). Columnist at Quanta Magazine. Topology, dynamical systems, history of math, recreational math, math and art, math. Coffee drinker.

2007 Followers
216 Following
25 Posts
Joined November 08, 2022
Home/blog:
https://divisbyzero.com/home
Twitter:
https://twitter.com/divbyzero
Books:
https://press.princeton.edu/our-authors/richeson-david-s
Quanta:
https://www.quantamagazine.org/authors/david-richeson/
Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 2mo ago
At Bridges, I gave a talk about how to make "impossible objects" from curves defined in terms of functions of x, parametric, polar, and implicit equations. Matt Parker asked if a similar technique could be used for a curve given by an SVG file. Yes! Here are some proofs of concept. I hope to make more complicated examples. If people have ideas that are interesting, clever, contradictory, funny, etc. Let me know! In case it isn't clear, these are a chicken and an egg, and a sneaker and a car.
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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 3mo ago
I created this logic/grid deduction puzzle several months ago just to try out vibe coding. I created it for myself and have been enjoying playing it, so I thought I'd share it more widely. I call it Daedalus' Labyrinth. https://divisbyzero.github.io/Daedalus-Labyrinth/ Each segment in the grid must either become a wall (a "hedge") or be removed. Numbers at the intersections indicate how many hedges must meet there. Ultimately, you create a labyrinth from one exit to the other. You can play it on a desktop or phone. Click to add a hedge, right-click (or long-press on a phone) to remove the segment. You can choose different board sizes and different difficulty levels. It is tricky when you begin playing it. But once you get the hang of it and start recognizing certain patterns, it is not too difficult to complete on the normal level. Mathy details: My idea for this puzzle was to create the "dual" puzzle to Loopy, one of my favorite puzzles in Simon Tatham's Portable Puzzle Collection https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/puzzles/js/loopy.html In Loopy, squares contain numbers indicating how many edges surround them. In my game, Loopy's squares became vertices, vertices became squares, and edges became orthogonal edges. I added the exits to build the labyrinth theme. I found out later that Loopy was based on a puzzle called Slitherlink. I'm happy to hear any feedback. Enjoy!
divisbyzero.github.io

Daedalus' Labyrinth

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago

I just made this design, based on the "72 Pencils" sculptures by George Hart: https://www.georgehart.com/sculpture/pencils.html. George's design consists of 72 pencils arranged in a triangular lattice. His bundles of 18 pencils are arranged in a hollow hexagon pattern and are glued together. In this version, I create a 3D-printable polyhedron (a truncated octahedron) to hold the standard-sized hexagonal pencils. Each bundle consists of 19 pencils in a filled hexagonal pattern. Thus, it requires 76 pencils.

Here's the 3D-printable file: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7313100

My first attempt was to make the faces with the hexagonal holes. The holes had to be offset in a certain way so that, when joined into a polyhedron, the pencils would line up correctly inside it. I kept making errors. Then, I decided to completely restart the project. I made the pencils and the polyhedron in OpenSCAD, then "subtracted" the pencils from the polyhedron to create the holes.

georgehart.com

72 Pencils

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 6mo ago

This is so cool! Given only the "exponential minus log" function, elm(x,y)=exp(x)-ln(y), and the constant 1, you can perform +, -, x, ÷, exp, ln, trig, powers, roots, etc. You can also obtain e and π! See https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.21852 and https://arxiv.org/src/2603.21852v2/anc/SupplementaryInformation.pdf

arxiv.org
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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago

In Multivariable Calculus, we're going to talk about limits, continuity, and differentiability of functions of two variables. I just printed these three examples of functions that do not have a limit at the origin. Their equations are:

f₁(x, y) = ((x² – y²)/(x² + y²))²
f₂(x, y) = x²/(x² + y⁴)
f₃(x, y) = xy/(x² + y²)

Also, if we define f₁(0, 0) = 1 and f₃(0, 0) = 0, then these two functions also have the property that both partial derivatives exist at the origin, but the function is not differentiable there.

You can download the files here: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7314735

Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware

Multivariable Functions with No Limit by divbyzero

These are surfaces that I use when I teach multivariable calculus. They are functions of two variables that do not have a limit at the origin. Their equations are:f₁(x, y) = ((x² – y²)/(x² + y²))²f₂(x, y) = x²/(x² + y⁴)f₃(x, y) = xy/(x² + y²)Notice that if we define f₁(0, 0) = 1 and f₃(0, 0) = 0, then these two functions also have the property that both partial derivatives exist at the origin, but the function is not differentiable there.

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 8mo ago

Still playing with these impossible cylinders. Here I have an ellipse with the "Batman curve" in the reflection.

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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago

Another 3D-printing suggestion from Colm Mulcahy:

Archimedes proved that if you slice a sphere of radius r with two planes a distance h apart, the surface area is 2πrh—the same as a cylinder of the same radius and height. So, it doesn't depend on where the slicing occurs.
1/2

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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
Ta da! (Equal ±ε)
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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago

Gathering 4 Gardner is this week. I'll be running an activity where we'll make one of these giant cardioids (and a giant nephroid). Today, I'm taking advantage of the sunny, above-freezing day to laser-cut the pieces outside.

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 17mo ago

I designed and 3D printed a couple of models of Riemann sums for multivariable functions—the monkey saddle and the sombrero function. (I also got to try out this cool filament.) The files are on Thingiverse. https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7019158 https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7019184

Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware

Riemann sum model for the multivariable "sombrero" function by divbyzero

This model shows the rectangular prisms (49 x 49) that make up the Riemann sum approximation to the integral of the "sombrero" function f(x,y) = exp(-k sqrt(x² + y²)) cos(sqrt(x² + y²)).I have also included the OpenSCAD file, which is set up so you can modify the function or parameters to produce your own model.

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
I printed a new version—a little stronger construction with an added leg so it stands on its own.
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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago

I was sad to learn about the passing of Sheldon Newhouse. Even though we were not close, I can honestly say he changed the course of my life. I was on the job market in anticipation of finishing my PhD in 1998. It was a brutal market.

I gave a talk at "Smalefest" during my last year of grad school. I had recently found out that my "sure thing" postdoc (in my mind) fell through, and I was not having much luck elsewhere in my job search. After my talk, Sheldon, whom I didn't know but who was my "academic uncle," approached me to chat about my work. He asked what I was doing the next year. I said I had nothing yet. He said to FedEx a copy of my application to him at Michigan State. I did, and I was hired for a 2-year position. That kept me in academia, it was where I met my wife, and it was surely helpful when I was on the job market again. He was so kind to me. My thoughts are with his wife, Patti Lamm, and the rest of his family.
https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/san-diego-ca/sheldon-newhouse-12777624

Sheldon Newhouse Obituary - San Diego, CA
Dignity Memorial

Sheldon Newhouse Obituary - San Diego, CA

Celebrate the life of Sheldon Newhouse, leave a kind word or memory and get funeral service information care of El Camino Memorial - Sorrento Valley & Memorial Park.

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
I just put these files on Thingiverse for anyone to download and print https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7305536
Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware
Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware

Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware

Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 6mo ago
Replying to
This isn't my area of expertise, but Franks was my PhD advisor, and he proved this result not long before I entered grad school. I thought it was really cool. Here are links to the Franks and Bangert articles: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02100612 https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0129167X93000029
SpringerLink

Geodesics onS 2 and periodic points of annulus homeomorphisms - Inventiones mathematicae

We show that an area preserving homeomorphism of the open or closed annulus which has at least one periodic point must in fact have infinitely many interior periodic points. A consequence is the theorem that every smooth Riemannian metric onS 2 with positive Gaussian curvature has infinitely many distinct closed geodesics.In this paper we investigate area preserving homeomorphisms of the annulus and their periodic points. The main result is that an area preserving homeomorphism of the annulus wh

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
I just put these files on Thingiverse for anyone to download and print https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7305545
Thingiverse - The community for Open Hardware

The Napkin Ring Problem by divbyzero

Recall the "napkin ring problem": Take a sphere of radius r and drill a hole along a diameter so the resulting shape has height h. Then the volume, V = πh³/6, does not depend on r!These files consist of drilled spheres of the type described in the problem. Each has a height of 4cm, but the radii are 4.15 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, and 10 cm. It is essential that you print them with 100% fill. If you do, you will find that they all weigh the same amount and hence have the same volume.Thank you to Colm Mulc

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 8mo ago

One more, which I call "I ❤️ the Cardioid." (A cardioid from one direction and a heart in the other.)

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Open post
Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
"by the methods of ordinary algebra, which are usually treated within the analysis of the infinite, so that the connection between the two methods may henceforth be made more clearly apparent." 2/2
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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
@sibrosan@mastodon.social Did you see the second of the two posts? That's essentially what I did (but with different dimensions).
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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
@sibrosan@mastodon.social Ah! I misuderstood your original comment. I thought you just wanted me to make the model larger. You are 100% correct. In fact, this is version 2.0. For version 1.0, the sphere was smaller with the same thickness walls, and when I sliced the sphere straight across, the difference in weight was measurable. So, in this version 2.0, I made the sphere larger and the slices are sliced along cones converging at the origin rather than along flat planes. That way, the "height" of each radial shell in the thin solid object is the same. (It has the added benefit that one ring sits slightly inside its neighbor, which is nice.)
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Dave Richeson @divbyzero@mathstodon.xyz
· 7mo ago
Replying to
@liuyao@mathstodon.xyz Neat idea. I'll have to think about it. Right now, the pencils are quite tight in the holes. So, I'd have to increase the hole sizes to slide the faces off. Also, the pencils would just fall apart without the structure, so you'd have to take off one face at a time and apply glue to the contact points before moving on to the next face.
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